How to Quick-Start with Bash Commands on Ubuntu 16.04

Terminal Commands Quick-Start for Ubuntu 16.04

Hello Ubuntu User! The Tutorial Shows You Step-by-step How to Getting-Started with the Bash Commands on Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial Xerus GNU/Linux.

First of all, this is Just a ‘Quick and Dirty’ Introduction to the Command Line Basics by Example on the Console/Terminal Bash Shell emulator.

Most noteworthy: this Tutorial is Step-by-Step and You Can Just Getting-Started Following and Executing each Command without any Harm for Your System :)

Furthermore, take into account how only the ‘Practice Makes the Master‘; so ‘Take it Easy!‘ ;)

Finally, most Commands should Works also on the others Linux Shells like: Bourne, C, TC and Korn.

1. Launching Ubuntu Terminal

   Press: Ctrl+Alt+t
   Or: Cmd/Win and Search ‘terminal’
   Press “Enter” to Execute Commands on Console

   





2. To List a Directory’s Contents

   (Directories and Files included)

   ls /[path]

   For Example to List the Content of the Root Directory:

   ls /

   Or to List the Content of the Home Directory:

   ls $HOME






3. To Change Directory

   cd /[path]

   But to Go into the Home Directory simply:

   cd  

4. To Make Directories and Files

   To Create a Directory do:

   mkdir /[path]/myDirectory

   For Instance:

   mkdir $HOME/livingroom

   To Create a Blank File do:

   touch /[path]/myFile

   For Instance:

   touch $HOME/livingroom/box

   And how you could already have perceived I Make Use Here of the following Mnemonic Linking:

   • Directory -> Spatial Entity
   • File -> Thing

   And so in the Previous Command to an ‘Empty File’ corresponds an ‘Empty Thing’ like a ‘box’ ;)






5. To Copy Directories and Files

   To Copy a Single File:

   cp /[path1]/myFile1 /[path2]/

   Or also Setting a New File’s Name at the same time:

   cp /[path1]/myFile1 /[path2]/myFile2

   And to Copy Multiple Files at once:

   cp /[path]/myFile1 ... /[pathN]/myFileN \
   /[pathX]/

   (After a ‘\’ Backslash the Command is Not Executed but follows in the Next Line)
   
   For Instance to Copy a Single File:

   cp $HOME/livingroom/box $HOME/bedroom/ 

   Then to Copy a Single Directory with all its Contents:

   cp -r /[path1]/myDir1 /[path2]/

   Or Setting a New Name:

   cp -r /[path1]/myDir1 /[path2]/myDir2

   Again to Copy Multiple Directories:

   cp -r /[path1]/myDir1 ... /[path]/myDirN \
   /[path2]/

   Now for Instance to Copy a Single Directory do:

   cp -r $HOME/livingroom $HOME/hello

6. To Move Directories and Files

   Moving a Single File:

   mv /[path]/myFile1 /[path]/toTargetDirectory/myEventualNewFileName

   To Move Multiple Files:

   mv /[path]/myFile1 ... /[path]/myFileN \
   /[path]/toTargetDirectory/

   And the Same Command is Valid Also for Directories!
   
   Now for Instance to Move a Single File do:

   mv $HOME/livingroom/test $HOME/hello/hello

7. To Delete Directories and Files

   To Delete a File do:

   rm /[path]/myFile

   For Instance:

   rm $HOME/livingroom/test

   And to Remove a Directory do:

   rm -rf /[path]/myDirectory

   So for Example:

   rm -rf $HOME/livingroom

8. How to Get the Admin Super-Powers

   To Login as SuperUser:

   sudo su

   If Got “User is Not in Sudoers file” then Look: Solution
   
   Then to Logout:

   exit

   (To Protect Your System from the potential Damages of an Hazardous ‘Crazy’ Command Execution the Logout ‘Should’ be Executed Every Time a Conscious and Meaningful Series of Commands has been Achieved… )
   Finally, to Execute a Single Command as SuperUser:

   sudo su -c 'myCommand'

   Or:

   sudo myCommand

9. How to Set Permissions on Ubuntu File System:

   Ubuntu Permissions Quick-Start

   Setting Up Permissions on Ubuntu.

Here is achieved the ‘Quick&Dirty’ Initiation to the Ubuntu Command Line Sphere :)
I’ll be Back Very Soon to Show the Basics of the Apt Software Packages and Repository Administration Commands!

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